Verbs: Verb Stem Mini-Dictionary, Page 1
Adapted from "Dena'ina Verb Dictionary"
Electronic Draft, by James Kari
Compiled by Alan Boraas.
1. animal goes; spirit goes
singular or dual
Theme: k' + Ø classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentaneous | (y)ush | yu | yuł | yu | |
| continuative | yu | yu | |||
| repetitive | yux | yuk | yux | yix | |
| customary | yix | yik | yix | ||
2. boil
Theme: d + N + l classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentaneous | ghush | ghech | ghesh | ghush | |
| neuter | ghech | ghech | ghish | ||
3. compact object is in position (classifies the subject)
translated as "be" or "is" in reference to gender classification "compact object"
Theme: G + Ø classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentanteous | 'ux | 'un | 'uł | 'u | |
| continuative | 'u' | 'un | 'u' | 'u' | |
| transitional | 'uh | 'u' | 'uh | 'uh | |
| repetitive | 'ux | 'uk | 'ux | 'ux | |
4. cry
singular or dual
Theme: Ø classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| durative | O | chegh | chegh | chegh | chegh |
| durative | I, U | chegh | chagh | chegh | chegh |
| momentaneous | chih | chagh | cheh | chih | |
5. cry
plural (3 or more)
Theme: chegh # d + l classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| repetitive | ghesh | ghuzh | ghesh | ghesh | |
| neuter | ghuzh | ghuzh | |||
| momentaneous | ghush | ghuzh | ghesh | ghesh | |
6. dance (potlatch-style)
Theme: k’ + l classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| repetitive | jesh | jesh | jesh | jesh | |
| repetitive | U | jesh | jik | jesh | jesh |
| momentaneous | jish | jich | jech | ||
7. dance (slower, more individualized)
singular or dual
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentaneous | (y)ush | yu | yuł | yu | |
| continuative | yu | yu | |||
| repetitive | yux | yuk | yux | yix | |
| customary | yix | yik | yix | ||
8. do, act, happen, behave
Theme: d # + d classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentaneous | 'ix | 'an | 'ił | 'ił | |
| durative | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an | |
| neuter | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an | |
| continuative | 'en | 'an | 'en | 'en | |
| transitional | 'ih | 'it | 'ih | 'ih | |
9. do, gather, collect
Theme: d # + O + ł classifier + stem
ASPECT |
MODE | ||||
| Dialect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative | |
| momentaneous | 'ix | 'an | 'ił | 'ił | |
| durative | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an | |
| neuter | 'an | 'an | 'ił | 'an | |
| continuative | 'en | 'an | 'en | 'en | |
| transitional | 'ih | 'it | 'ih | 'ih | |